THE GLOBAL EXPERIENCE OF BEING BLACK

This webliography addresses the question: What is the African Diaspora?

What does it mean to be Black in the world today? Who is Black? What is the relationship between being Black and having a specific nationality, language, or parents? What does "race" (biology) have to do with it?

This 285-link, 82-plus-country look at the global Black experience includes data, culture, youthful self-expression. One new genre is young Black women profiling countries on their own Youtube channels — insightful and fun.

I put this together in April 2020 for a project on Black Studies in the African Diaspora, looking by and large outside the US and outside the African continent. It is online at http://alkalimat.org/global/ and will be updated for at least a few months. Thanks for your additions so far. More are welcome. Write to mcworter@illinois.edu.

GENERAL

  1. http://slaveryandremembrance.org/
  2. https://minorityrights.org/
  3. https://sites.google.com/site/afropedia/afropedia-home/content-list/countries
  4. https://ibw21.org/commentary/report-on-the-afro-descendants-gathering-in-venezuela/
  5. https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC5HlSf1XMeObrxeer3LdmKw
  6. https://www.afritopic.com/mag/afritopic-african-diaspora.htm
  7. https://www.caar-web.org/home/
  8. http://afroeurope.blogspot.com/

EUROPE

Austria

  1. https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/africaatlse/2019/04/12/lifting-the-veil-on-afro-austrians/
  2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AFlMTj6eiTs
  3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xaEp8cmC54k

Belgium

  1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vPJ-QiVqliE
  2. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/15/world/europe/belgium-pierre-kompany-congo.html
  3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PYxWXdFBykw

Czech Republic

  1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vIxiKWArFxw
  2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RyFOS-tLSLU
  3. https://www.radio.cz/en/section/czech-life/the-black-experience-in-the-czech-republic

Denmark

  1. https://www.humanrights.dk/sites/humanrights.dk/files/media/dokumenter/udgivelser/equal_treatment_2017/afrodanskere_web.pdf
  2. https://www.scandinaviastandard.com/a-brief-history-of-jazz-in-copenhagen/

Finland

  1. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-49543502
  2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Finnish_people_of_African_descent

France

  1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hrRzyh7HRJ4
  2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HNiWNfzP1sw
  3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_people_in_France
  4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9sKTT9Nwa5c
  5. https://tiltingaxis.org/biographies/florence-alexis-1
  6. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S95dr4dskwc
  7. http://www.blackparistour.com/

Germany

  1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pcfPVj5qR1E
  2. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/the-afrogerman-experience_b_9234700
  3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0HsyUc6lfc4
  4. http://isdonline.de/
  5. http://www.black-international-cinema.com/
  6. http://afrogermans.us/
  7. https://www.facebook.com/BlackMediaCongressBerlin/
  8. https://www.aaihs.org/remembering-afro-german-intellectual-may-ayim/
  9. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qIcb_Uh3ciY

Greece

  1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2WCOTDpIj0c
  2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jL619VdzafE
  3. https://gr.boell.org/en/2015/10/21/african-immigrants-greece

Hungary

  1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Hungarian_people_of_African_descent
  2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1_9OA-GtgbY
  3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b3WSKpQefa8

Iceland

  1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fhAviCZYu0A
  2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cWVbzXgkHDw
  3. https://grapevine.is/mag/interview/2019/01/04/being-black-in-iceland-an-interview-with-jewells-chambers/

Ireland

  1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OC_CpnwZPYM
  2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HOXACDOidco
  3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_people_in_Ireland
  4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xeEF8Eqkcq8

Italy

  1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PAf6YUPIKck
  2. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/sep/16/italy-must-face-racist-history

Norway

  1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hgadEamQQpc
  2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eUdWsTkCgig

Poland

  1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-Polish
  2. https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2005-10-16-0510150186-story.html
  3. http://afryka.org/download/raport2015/raporteng.pdf
  4. http://no-racism.net/article/3401/
  5. http://www.irr.org.uk/news/no-justice-for-maxwell-itoya/

Portugal

  1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-Portuguese_people
  2. https://afronation.com/

Russia

  1. https://originalpeople.org/alexander-pushkin-father-russian-literature/
  2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=srQ29HZJdlY
  3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7_TV5vctEog
  4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KzxDAD0qRaU
  5. http://afroeurope.blogspot.com/2011/02/black-people-in-russia-yelena-khanga.html
  6. https://www.calvertjournal.com/features/show/5388/red-africa-afrorussians-black-ussr-portraits-generation-identity
  7. http://afroeurope.blogspot.com/2013/01/book-black-russian-story-of-frederick.html

Spain

  1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-Spaniards
  2. https://www.thelocal.es/20190806/the-afro-spanish-experience-no-one-is-talking-about

Scotland

  1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P5AK6UA2wSk
  2. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-highlands-islands-24347632

Sweden

  1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3biEPlXqCPE
  2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5CfBWi93OGs

Switzerland

  1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_immigrants_to_Switzerland
  2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OYUoYCZx68c

Turkey

  1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=40wOd1learo
  2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iZuq10CpJlY
  3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q9rlPiNVtKg

United Kingdom

  1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zq9OpJYck7Y
  2. https://www.georgepadmoreinstitute.org/
  3. https://blackculturalarchives.org/
  4. https://www.ucl.ac.uk/institute-of-advanced-studies/news/2019/may/professor-paul-gilroy-appointed-founding-director-centre-study-race-racism
  5. https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/international-slavery-museum
  6. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a48wYh8lAzg
  7. https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-39927255

    8. See also Scotland above

NORTH/CENTRAL/SOUTH AMERICA

Argentina

  1. https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/14/travel/argentina-rediscovers-its-african-roots.html
  2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6536IZD1f90
  3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xuUMssU2Sg4

Belize

  1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V_maZKewSAM
  2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NubllRazJ_o

Bolivia

  1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QPdJkVzBd6c
  2. https://www.democracynow.org/2020/4/14/headlines/calls_mount_for_release_of_afro_bolivian_coca_union_leader_elena_flores
  3. https://minorityrights.org/minorities/afro-bolivians/
  4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WnDLzdovEJk
  5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a4D6cZkP7dk

Brazil

  1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sXAFHmxW-2Q
  2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y7DGH9t6fCo
  3. https://www.telesurenglish.net/news/Brazils-Black-Workers-Earn-329-Less-Than-White-Workers-Study-20180515-0017.html
  4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h-Kv7JsatBc
  5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gh7c46U5hhY
  6. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4zNfj5-Mszg

Canada

  1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Canadians
  2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ORW_e8P8RcY
  3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EIe1WQe2Cx0
  4. http://www.blackhistorysociety.ca/?fbclid=IwAR2pg2AsmSy9VaGa_1qgLY57dEOIHlv-_SEoeWWLsU3gx6ad9ZIBXxOk6wg
  5. https://www.canada.ca/en/canadian-heritage/campaigns/black-history-month.html

    6. See also Nova Scotia below

Colombia

  1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-Colombians
  2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oRHOOZLbA9Q
  3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8gaXfr9WNwo

Costa Rica

  1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-Costa_Ricans
  2. https://face2faceafrica.com/article/the-intricate-history-of-black-costa-ricans-who-were-only-recognised-as-citizens-in-1949
  3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YmdQMWLwK-w
  4. https://ticotimes.net/2016/08/29/elegance-quince-duncan-chat-celebrated-writer

Ecuador

  1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-Ecuadorians
  2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J9gO_mPL6Qc
  3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_vq-V7Uf9Xk

El Salvador

  1. http://ahorasecreto.blogspot.com/2014/02/el-salvadors-black-history.html
  2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q9l97DJ1b1M
  3. https://www.tripadvisor.com/Attraction_Review-g303272-d4377292-Reviews-Afro_Brasileiro_Museum-Salvador_State_of_Bahia.html

Guyana

  1. https://www.refworld.org/docid/469f3893c.html
  2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z2A7XtysCt8
  3. https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=390671281767926

Honduras

  1. https://kwekudee-tripdownmemorylane.blogspot.com/2012/10/african-descendants-in-honduras-afro.html
  2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-rwG80NlkIo
  3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5LM2qAQ2GDA

Mexico

  1. https://theculturetrip.com/north-america/mexico/articles/the-untold-history-of-afro-mexicans-mexicos-forgotten-ethnic-group/
  2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eOU4HPO47t4
  3. https://remezcla.com/culture/a-student-traveling-through-costa-chica-picked-up-a-camera-to-let-afro-mexicans-tell-their-story/
  4. https://www.cnn.com/2020/04/30/world/enslaved-african-history-trans-atlantic-slave-trade-trnd-scn/index.html

Nicaragua

  1. https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/bluefields-nicaragua/
  2. https://kwekudee-tripdownmemorylane.blogspot.com/2012/11/african-descendants-in-nicaragua-afro.html
  3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jSHXwHzBD1E
  4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0OUvJ5du8Es

Nova Scotia

  1. https://ansa.novascotia.ca/video
  2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Nova_Scotians
  3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ocneWy64B4g
  4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y_omTtacefk
  5. https://www.aaihs.org/the-1917-halifax-explosion-and-structural-anti-blackness-in-times-of-crisis/

    6. See also Canada above

Panama

  1. http://www.afropanamanian.com/
  2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BFDBKyBBmgs
  3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-Panamanians

Paraguay

  1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Op4-nZypCQ
  2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LMBBgRJ8dtk
  3. https://owaahh.com/the-kamba-of-paraguay/

Peru

  1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HOATek8iof4
  2. https://www.kuodatravel.com/background-afro-peruvian-history-influence-peruvian-culture-today/
  3. https://www.okayafrica.com/census-to-count-afro-peruvians/
  4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oCutB5m_NAo

Surinam

  1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-Surinamese_people
  2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YjdTQzxuBmQ
  3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gDS9Xf0_8no

Uruguay

  1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-BE0dMtKDJs
  2. https://www.pambazuka.org/governance/afro-uruguay-brief-history
  3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3UtTJ3hJe44

Venezuela

  1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c3cforZoJWA
  2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vC_NvL8dHmE
  3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-Venezuelans
  4. https://therealnews.com/stories/the-black-working-class-and-venezuela-fighting-the-same-enemy

ASIA

Cambodia

  1. https://www.pinterest.com/pin/473370610809210471/
  2. https://www.phnompenhpost.com/7days/beneath-skin-reality-being-black-cambodia

China

  1. https://thediplomat.com/2019/07/the-evolution-of-afro-chinese-identity/
  2. https://social.shorthand.com/gwazarma/3g14NDAPpc/the-chinese-african-kids-and-identity-crisis-by-ilelah-balarabe-shehu

India

  1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=djuAvmn37ug
  2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ped-uIlw_24
  3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LtrSYxmZFHg

Indonesia

  1. https://www.voanews.com/east-asia-pacific/east-african-refugees-make-indefinite-home-themselves-indonesia
  2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RcLVpxG1-gg
  3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-jlyh9SlUS0

Japan

  1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UsXbOxTgCCo
  2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dXBsFfnCOks
  3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1KMO02xxX1g
  4. https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/black-studies-association-kokujin-kenkyu-no-kai-japan/"
  5. https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-trending-34550264

Pakistan

  1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YByNHdqzUX0
  2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siddi
  3. https://www.sheedi199.com/2018/10/blacks-in-pakistan-afro-pakistanis.html
  4. https://defence.pk/pdf/threads/sheedi-afro-pakistani.549609/

Philippines

  1. https://face2faceafrica.com/article/these-native-africans-were-the-original-inhabitants-of-the-philippines
  2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2nJnn2d2XVw
  3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k7lVw4KhKO4

South Korea

  1. https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2017/02/15/koreans-black-people_n_14771318.html
  2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=meZ8iFxbxZc
  3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O8gM8QkWlTY
  4. https://greenhearttravel.org/blog/teach-abroad-south-korea/being-black-in-south-korea

Sri Lanka

  1. http://www.afrikansrilankans.weebly.com
  2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BXvLYV9MZLI
  3. http://www.bordermovement.com/kaffir-culture/
  4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Kl7nJZSi_0

Vietnam

  1. https://blackfilmcenterarchive.wordpress.com/2012/04/25/afro-vietnamese-orphans-tell-their-stories-in-indochina-traces-of-a-mother/
  2. http://www.mixedracestudies.org/?tag=afro-vietnamese

OCEANIA

Australia

  1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Australians
  2. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/nov/02/black-lives-matter-in-australia-wherever-black-people-are-there-is-racism-and-resistance
  3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=81z8FpERzr4
  4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qIVTi-nuFiA
  5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sl82VMuuKI0

Hawaii

  1. https://www.hawaiipublicradio.org/post/p-polo-project-documenting-black-experience-hawai-i#stream/0

Melanesia (Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, West Papua and Papua)

  1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2RRlRlPf3lA
  2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_RvjP1AC-bE
  3. https://kwekudee-tripdownmemorylane.blogspot.com/2012/11/the-melanesian-africans-of-solomon.html
  4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x8hMePwbPlc

    5. See also Papua New Guinea below

New Zealand

  1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=23lMjIeRU6Y
  2. https://www.tvnz.co.nz/one-news/new-zealand/new-zealands-racist-and-discriminatory-africa-middle-east-refugee-policy-scrapped
  3. https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11599618
  4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=deqV2BMPh78

Papua New Guinea

  1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Y5rC7kDx3o
  2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e5Gh7c9ueCU
  3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y6KjhyIoSTg
  4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3tg0ipCdiQQ&list=PLUB2jYhyT3ez4tcXgNKEG2OqdAhe4bUBT&index=152

    5. See also Melanesia above

CARIBBEAN

Barbados

  1. https://africanholocaust.net/african-influences-barbados/
  2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-Barbadians
  3. https://barbados.org/barbados-traditions.htm#.Xo8fqkF7ldg
  4. http://slaveryandremembrance.org/partners/partner/?id=P0026

Cuba

  1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G_OzkISsyDo
  2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hHi5qzHANwk
  3. https://originalpeople.org/black-cubans-discrimination/
  4. https://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/00000144-0a22-d3cb-a96c-7b2febdc0000

Grenada

  1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YUMMJhOdsOg
  2. https://www.nowgrenada.com/2019/08/ifa-african-spiritual-system-takes-root-in-grenada/
  3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X7MtydR-fiI

Haiti

  1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IOGVgQYX6SU
  2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WZ4C2sUOmm8
  3. https://originalpeople.org/1945-footage-of-haitian-voodoo-ceremonies/
  4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VyfGJMr4bX8

Jamaica

  1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-US3_OxhEsk
  2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SGMWDxPJ3Hk
  3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iCFLgdhZLEU
  4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TI9Z-TcCGC4
  5. https://www.change.org/p/eleanor-wint-ph-d-h-e-louise-bennett-coverley-to-be-the-next-national-hero-of-jamaica?recruiter=943341884
  6. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7kwjcnunRik

Martinique

  1. https://vimeo.com/141714016
  2. https://vimeo.com/141722598
  3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aTNVe_BAELY&list=RDaTNVe_BAELY&start_radio=1&t=188
  4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qjbkwM-EMog

Puerto Rico

  1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-Puerto_Ricans
  2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EmcJMVJt6zo
  3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lTf7sjwd9vY
  4. https://pulitzercenter.org/reporting/watch-father-daughter-lawyer-duo-fights-rights-black-residents-puerto-rico
  5. https://www.dailykos.com/stories/2018/2/11/1737469/-Black-History-Month-Loiza-the-African-heart-of-Puerto-Rico-and-the-arts-that-portray-it

Trinidad & Tobago

  1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-Trinidadians_and_Tobagonians
  2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pfWWRCSzOs0
  3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WQmG_VHFbK4
  4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SG8FrECkxMI
  5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZEk3HoM0tE8

MIDDLE EAST

Iran

  1. https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x3pz7wx
  2. https://ajammc.com/2015/07/20/picturing-them-vs-us-race-and-afro-iranians-in-documentary-photography/
  3. https://roadsandkingdoms.com/2018/forgotten-africans-iran/
  4. https://www.middleeasteye.net/features/we-are-iranians-rediscovering-history-african-slavery-iran

Iraq

  1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-Iraqis
  2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H8-JiZlfTyA
  3. http://www.ipsnews.net/2011/10/to-be-black-in-iraq/
  4. https://medium.com/culture-shock-sundays/1-5-million-afro-iraqis-8b2a5882b69e

Israel

  1. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/dec/19/-sp-african-migrants-speak-out-about-life-in-israel-detention-centres-holot
  2. https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/b42ad8800bc449aaa415e05a8087bbe6
  3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cl2xJHNkFGk
  4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oiL7w486-UI
  5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7TQBWCkmN7s
  6. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=imLS7SQU5ko
  7. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dud4eG-gVI0
  8. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=puRXEPHrs2M

Jordan

  1. https://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/posts/constructions-of-black-identities-within-jordan
  2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6OWIEb5HABE
  3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=okpYhQ7Kje0
  4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4K5k3-5kedc

Lebanon

  1. https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/north-africa-west-asia/where-are-my-rights-african-refugees-vs-unhcr-in-lebanon/
  2. https://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/aljazeeraworld/2015/10/lebanon-africa-151027114653139.html
  3. https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2018/jul/05/kenyan-domestic-worker-assaulted-by-mob-lebanon-deportation
  4. https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/we-want-help-african-asylum-seekers-denounce-unhcr-inaction-lebanon

Oman

  1. https://africa.si.edu/2013/11/oman/
  2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KB1pZ5nTBSU

Palestine

  1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aOnL80yhiko
  2. https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2017/03/afro-palestinians-talk-heritage-resistance-170329072425883.html
  3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6UtebIAF3dI
  4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nsnv8TJsaQk
  5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gl87Vsx1AwI

Saudi Arabia

  1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OssSTAFPCJc
  2. https://www.arabnews.com/node/1256666/saudi-arabia
  3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RVoZjpi-lh4
  4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1uxy6S_Eifo
  5. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Saudi_Arabian_people_of_African_descent

Syria

  1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6hOT5KXutEE

Yemen

  1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XZVBdp86J5w
  2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MO39tQEuBcY
  3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hCVCKAC8WHo
  4. https://www.amazon.com/African-Rulers-Medieval-Yemen/dp/1478238100